"Prior to ratification of the 16th (income tax) Amendment in February 1913, the federal government managed its few constitutional responsibilities without an income tax, except during the Civil War period. During peacetime, it did so largely — or even entirely — on import taxes called “tariffs.”

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Before the Income Tax

Yes, the U.S. government did at one time run large budget surpluses, and the revenue was generated without resorting to an income tax. by Thomas R. Eddlem