At the core of a fiber AOM lies the acousto-optic effect, where an acoustic wave propagating through a medium creates a periodic variation in the refractive index. When a laser beam passes through this modulated medium, it experiences diffraction, leading to changes in its intensity and frequency. The frequency shift is directly proportional to the frequency of the acoustic wave, allowing for precise modulation control.
https://www.cq-smart.com/fiber....-optic-acousto-optic
