The maximum frequency shift achievable with an Acousto-Optic Frequency Shifter (AOFS) is primarily determined by the following factors:

• Maximum Acoustic Frequency: The highest frequency of the acoustic wave that can be generated and sustained within the acousto-optic crystal material sets the upper limit. This is influenced by the material's physical properties, such as density and sound velocity, as well as the design and capabilities of the piezoelectric transducer used to generate the acoustic wave.

• Material Properties:Different acousto-optic materials have varying acoustic velocity and attenuation characteristics. Materials with higher sound velocities generally allow for higher maximum frequencies.

• Bragg Angle and Geometry:The specific geometry of the AOFS, including the Bragg angle at which the light beam interacts with the acoustic wave, can also influence the maximum achievable frequency shift.