The ability tree you access back at the main ship lobby is filled with passive skill bonuses and small skills like dodging and parrying, but your true combat skills are found as random loot drops on assignments in the form of discs meseta pso2 ngs. It's possible to discover new abilities or stronger variants of current abilities, as well as badge tokens to exchange for even more powerful items at specific vendors.
Determined by the random loot gods to give you using brand new skills is somewhat lame, but you can at least sell the ones that you don't need or use them to update present skills. Overall it's an addictive system which helps maintain excitement even if you're much higher level.
You eventually get to decide on a subclass, which is actually just any of the other classes you want. You will gain all of the passives from the ability tree, but can not use any of the actual skills so that you need to select something which matches your principal class nicely. That having been said, you can switch to and play any most important course on any character just by talking to the skill trainer in the main lobby and switching over.
Trying out other courses this manner is useful, but I found myself preferring to create new characters to specialize in different courses rather than switching back and buy PSO2 NGS Meseta forth so I have an original inventory of quests and Client Orders to carry on as well as another visual identity and different private bank storage.